Aortic Valve Disease

Aortic valve disease refers to a range of conditions affecting the aortic valve, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow from the heart (left ventricle) to the aorta.

This disease primarily manifests in two forms: aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation. Aortic stenosis occurs when the valve opening narrows, making it difficult for blood to flow out of the left ventricle. In aortic regurgitation, the valve fails to close completely, causing blood to flow back into the left ventricle.

Symptoms of aortic valve disease can vary widely among individuals. Common signs include shortness of breath and fatigue, particularly during physical activity. Some people may experience dizziness or fainting, chest pain, rapid or irregular heartbeats, and swelling in the legs and ankles. It is important to note that many individuals may not exhibit symptoms in the early stages of the disease.

Diagnostic tools always include echocardiography. Additional examinations such as stress tests, computed tomography, and coronary artery catheterization might be warranted.

Treatment for aortic valve disease is tailored to the severity of the condition. Mild cases may only require monitoring. In more severe cases, surgical options such as valve repair or replacement (with either mechanical or biological valve prostheses) may be necessary. Valve implantation can sometimes be performed percutaneously.

Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential for effectively managing aortic valve disease and reducing the risk of serious complications, including heart failure.

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