Atrial Fibrillation

The most common symptoms of atrial fibrillation include an irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations, rapid heart rate, and fatigue or lack of energy. Individuals may also experience shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.

Key diagnostic tools for atrial fibrillation include an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess the electrical activity of the heart. For long-term monitoring of heart rhythm, a Holter monitor or event recorder might be recommended. An echocardiogram can provide detailed images of the heart's structure and is routinely performed.

Treatment options for atrial fibrillation are tailored to the severity of symptoms, underlying causes, and individual patient factors. Medications often play a central role, including antiarrhythmic drugs to help control heart rhythm, beta blockers for heart rate management, and blood thinners to prevent blood clots and thereby reduce stroke risk.

In some cases, cardioversion may be necessary, which can be performed electrically or pharmacologically using medications. Catheter ablation is another option, involving a procedure to isolate small areas of heart tissue responsible for irregular rhythms. Cardiac surgical procedures, such as surgical ablation or left atrial appendage closure, may be considered in certain situations.

Lifestyle changes are also essential for managing atrial fibrillation effectively. This may involve managing underlying conditions like high blood pressure, reducing alcohol and caffeine intake, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular exercise, and implementing stress management techniques